Formulas¶

=A1 + B1 * 2                          arithmetic, Excel precedence
=(A1 + A2) / 2                        grouping
=2^10                                 exponent (PYTHON: ** also works)
=50%                                  percent postfix -> 0.5
="hello " & A1                        string concat
=IF(A1 > 0, "pos", "neg")             conditionals
=IFERROR(B1/C1, 0)                    error catch -- #DIV/0!, #VALUE!, #N/A, ...
=SUM(A1:A10)                          range -> 1D array
=SUM(A1:A3 * B1:B3)                   element-wise array arithmetic
=LET(x, SUM(A1:A9), x/COUNT(A1:A9))   local bindings -- compute once, reuse
=FILTER(A1:A9, B1:B9 > 0)             dynamic arrays: FILTER/SORT/UNIQUE
=SUM(revenue)                         named range
=py.margin(A1, B1)                    HYBRID: call a code-block function

Excel error values (#DIV/0!, #N/A, #NAME?, #REF!, #VALUE!, #NUM!, #NULL!) propagate through arithmetic and are catchable with IFERROR/IFNA.

The function library¶

Built-in functions (always available): SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT, ABS, SQRT, INT, plus everything in math (sin, cos, log, pi, e, and the rest).

Excel-compatible library (auto-loaded in EXCEL and HYBRID): IF, IFERROR, AND, OR, NOT, ROUND, AVERAGE, MEDIAN, SUMIF, COUNTIF, AVERAGEIF, LET, VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, XMATCH, INDEX, MATCH, FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, SEQUENCE, CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, TRIM, UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTITUTE, and 280 others. Dynamic-array functions return whole rows and columns and compose: =INDEX(SORT(A1:B9), 1, 2).

The function coverage audit tracks the library against Microsoft's documented function set, including what is deliberately absent.

PYTHON-only extras: the math module, Python builtins (sum, min, max, abs, len), list comprehensions, and -- when the relevant extras are installed -- np.array(...), np.linalg, matrix multiply (@), and pd.DataFrame(...).

A cell holding =np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]); the status line reads ndarray(2, 2) [1, 2, 3, 4]

PYTHON mode: B19 holds a numpy array. The cell shows the shape badge [2x2]; the status line shows the value.

Array cells¶

In PYTHON mode an array stays in the one cell that produced it instead of spilling across its neighbours. That cell shows a badge, not the contents:

Value	Cell shows	Example
`Vec`	first element and length	`13750[4]`
1D ndarray	length	`[4]`
2D ndarray	rows and columns	`[2x2]`
DataFrame	rows and columns	`df[4x3]`

The status line prints the full value for the cursor cell. Press E on a Vec, ndarray, or DataFrame cell to open the object editor and edit elements in a sub-grid.

Named ranges and custom functions¶

:name revenue A1:A12       Define a named range (workbook-global)
:names                     List
:unname revenue            Remove

Used directly in formulas: =SUM(revenue), =MAX(revenue - costs).

Open the per-workbook Python code block with :e. Anything defined there becomes callable from formulas:

def margin(rev, cost):
    return (rev - cost) / rev * 100

In HYBRID: =py.margin(A1, B1). In PYTHON: =margin(A1, B1). EXCEL mode forbids code blocks entirely -- see Formula modes.

Cell references¶

$A$1 fixes both; $A1 fixes the column; A$1 fixes the row. References adjust automatically on insert, delete, and replicate.

Cross-sheet references (=Sheet2!A1) are covered in Multi-sheet workbooks.